A case report of nosocomial infection with SARS CoV-2 in a one-year old meningoencephalitis patient in a tertiary hospital of Bangladesh

Introduction: Novel corona virus (SARS-Coronavirus-2: SARS-CoV-2) which emerged in Wuhan, China, has spread to multiple countries rapidly. Little information is known about nosocomial infections by SARS-CoV-2 in the initial period. As it spreads across the globe, physicians face the challenges of a contagious pandemic including patient isolation and diagnosis. Case Report: We report a case of concurrent meningoencephalitis and COVID-19 infection in a one-year old Bangladeshi patient who was brought a tertiary hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh due to fever, convulsion and neck stiffness accompanied by unconsciousness later. Computed tomography (CT) SCAN of brain showed excessive encephalopathic change in both cerebral hemispheres with moderate communicating hydrocephalus, suggesting meningoencephalitis. During his hospitalization, he became infected with SARS-CoV-2 which was confirmed by real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR. Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 can be rapidly transmitted patient-to patient regardless of whether they have symptoms or not. Each hospital must differentiate patients with known or suspected COVID 19 infection from patients with a low probability COVID-19 infection in order to limit direct or indirect transmission. © 2020 The author (s). Published by Zagazig University.

Invasive Meningococcal X Disease during the COVID-19 Pandemic, Brazil.

Invasive meningococcal disease persists as a fulminant disorder worldwide. Although cases caused by Neisseria meningitidis serogroup X (MenX) occur infrequently, outbreaks have been reported in countries in Africa in recent decades. We report 2 cases of MenX invasive meningococcal disease in São Paulo, Brazil, in 2021 and 2022, during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Identifying Japanese Encephalitis Virus Using Metatranscriptomic Sequencing, Xinjiang, China.

The treat of infectious disease epidemics has increased the critical need for continuous broad-ranging surveillance of pathogens with outbreak potential. Using metatranscriptomic sequencing of blood samples, we identified several cases of Japanese encephalitis virus infection from Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China. This discovery highlights the risk for known viral diseases even in nonendemic areas.

Encephalopathy and Encephalitis Associated with Cerebrospinal Fluid Cytokine Alterations and Coronavirus Disease, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, 2020.

There are few detailed investigations of neurologic complications in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. We describe 3 patients with laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease who had encephalopathy and encephalitis develop. Neuroimaging showed nonenhancing unilateral, bilateral, and midline changes not readily attributable to vascular causes. All 3 patients had increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of anti-S1 IgM. One patient who died also had increased levels of anti-envelope protein IgM. CSF analysis also showed markedly increased levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and IL-10, but severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was not identified in any CSF sample. These changes provide evidence of CSF periinfectious/postinfectious inflammatory changes during coronavirus disease with neurologic complications.